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Tomas Willems & Hans Hillewaert, license: CC BY-SA 4.0, source: iNaturalist
Superclass:
Chondrichthyes
Class:
Elasmobranchii
Order:
Myliobatiformes
Family:
Gymnuridae
Genus:
Gymnura
Species:
micrura
Common:
Smooth butterfly ray
Climates:
Tropical
Temperate
Subtropical
Boreal
Waters:
Brackish water
Marine
Map of Known Habitats
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Regions:
Atlantic, Eastern Central
Atlantic, Northwest
Atlantic, Southwest
Atlantic, Western Central
Indian Ocean, Eastern
Fish, M. P., Kelsey, A. S. J., Mowbray, W. H. 1952. Studies on the Production of Underwater Sound by North Atlantic Coastal Fishes. Journal of Marine Research, 11(2): 180-193.
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Species Identified
Sound Detected
Active
Passive Feeding
Other Passive
Morphophysiological
Auditory
Visual
Fish, M. P., Mowbray, W. H. 1970. Sounds of Western North Atlantic Fishes, A Reference File of Biological Underwater Sounds. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MD.
Fish, M. P. 1954. The Character and Significance of Sound Production among Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 14(3): 1-109.